Mar 24th 2026
Tobacco Harm Reduction: In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Next Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products versus Combustible Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco
Next generation tobacco and nicotine (NGP) products, which include Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), Heated Tobacco Products (HP), and Nicotine Pouch (NP) products, provide alternative, potentially less harmful, nicotine products to adult smokers and nicotine consumers wanting to transition from combustible and other tobacco containing products. NGPs must undergo the premarket tobacco product application (PMTA) process and obtain a marketing granted order (MGO) from FDA Center of Tobacco Products (CTP) to become authorized for marketing. Currently, FDA-CTP PMTA submissions require comprehensive listings of product ingredients and components, harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC), product stability and information on potential health risks including risk assessments, in vitro toxicological, and clinical testing to establish a Weight of Evidence (WoE) to determine if the marketing of an NGP is appropriate for the protection of the public health (APPH). This assessment will examine the in vitro toxicological testing of representative ENDS, HP and NP products (all menthol or mint flavor varieties) through three standard genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays and compared to combustible cigarettes (CC) and traditional smokeless tobacco (ST). The three standard regulatory toxicology assays utilized include the Ames (mutagenicity), in vitro micronucleus (ivMN: genotoxicity), and neutral red uptake (NRU: cytotoxicity) following respective Health Canada (HC) and OECD guidelines. Test samples from CC, HP, and ENDS included pad-collected total particulate matter (TPM: CC & HP) or aerosol collected material (ACM: ENDS), all combined with their respective gas vapor phase (GVP) preparations as well as combustible cigarette whole smoke (WS) and whole aerosol (WA) from ENDS and HP (NRU). NP products with either tobacco-derived (TDN) or synthetic (SYN) nicotine and ST (snus) were tested using complete artificial saliva (CAS) extracts in all three assays.